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\data\alt\turcet
▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*gu"n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"female slaveface="Times New Roman Star"ðàáûíÿface="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| (MK, Tefs., IM)

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| (MA), (MKypch.) ku"n| (CCum.)face="Times New Roman Star"gun| 'voiceless female slave'
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| (ßÆÓ)
face="Times New Roman Star"gu"n| 'a Turkmani born from a Persian woman' (Áóä.)



face="Times New Roman Star"xúr-g|úm



face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|




face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 309, EDT 726, ÝÑÒß 5, 142, Ëåêñèêà 317. The Uzb. meaning was influenced by Persian gung 'deaf-and-dumb'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAjyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"castoreum, the odorous secretion of the beaverface="Times New Roman Star"ìóñêóñ, ïàõó÷èå âûäåëåíèÿ áîáðàface="Times New Roman Star"qajyr (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qunduz qajyry (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"Sib. qajyrface="Times New Roman Star"qajyr (Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"xajyrface="Times New Roman Star"qajyr
















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 222, EDT 678-679.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)atyr- ( ?-d-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 grayling 2 sturgeonface="Times New Roman Star"1 õàðèóñ 2 îñåòð














face="Times New Roman Star"xaty:s 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qadyrg|y 1










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ide (/*ede)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"very, of course, emphatic adverbface="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü, óñèëèòåëüíîå íàðå÷èåface="Times New Roman Star"idi (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"id|i (KB); id|rig 'anything hard' (MK - Argu)
face="Times New Roman Star"eje





face="Times New Roman Star"@zeface="Times New Roman Star"eze

face="Times New Roman Star"araface="Times New Roman Star"iti
face="Times New Roman Star"ide
face="Times New Roman Star"ijiface="Times New Roman Star"ije
face="Times New Roman Star"eje





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 41, 65, ÝÑÒß 1, 335. Tat., Chuv. ije 'yes', erroneously related here in ÝÑÒß, have different connections, cf. Khak. ja 'yes', Tof. ijen, ijne, MTurk. Xwar., Kypch., Osm. inen|, inen (EDT 42); the Kypchak forms above, because of the merger of *-d- and *-j-, can have either origin.
face="Times New Roman Star"*atkakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"gillsface="Times New Roman Star"æàáðû









face="Times New Roman Star"atpaxface="Times New Roman Star"attaqface="Times New Roman Star"atqaq















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31. A local Siberian word; should be kept distinct from *a.t(ky)- 'pinch, pinchful, handful' (q. v. sub *p`a>/t`a\(-kV)).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"veryface="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü









face="Times New Roman Star"jaba





face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:, c?ab-c?a:











face="Times New Roman Star"*jal-k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to suffer pain, be nauseated, hateface="Times New Roman Star"÷óâñòâîâàòü áîëü, òîøíîòó, îòâðàùåíèå
face="Times New Roman Star"jalq- (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jalqy- (Pav. C.)









face="Times New Roman Star"sal-t-












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 924, VEWT 183, ÝÑÒß 4, 14-15. Note that modern Kypch. and Sib. forms meaning 'lazy, be lazy' (jalqy-, z?|alqy-) do not belong here but are rather borrowed < Mong. z?|alka- having a quite different origin (see under *z?|el/o). On the other hand, cf. the common Turkic derivative *jal-ta-, perhaps reflected in the above Yak. form, as well as in Turkm. jalta, Shor c?altak, Khak. c?alty 'lazy', Tur. jaltak 'bootlicker' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 4, 101-102).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ji:kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"seamface="Times New Roman Star"øîâ


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek, dial. jek





face="Times New Roman Star"c?@k
face="Times New Roman Star"jik, d/ik

face="Times New Roman Star"si:k


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ikface="Times New Roman Star"z?ik
face="Times New Roman Star"jek (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik

face="Times New Roman Star"z?ik
face="Times New Roman Star"jikface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 195, 202, ÝÑÒß 4, 197-198, 257-258. The root should be distinguished from *jib q. v. sub *zi_upi.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ba.ny- ? *bony-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"big, largeface="Times New Roman Star"áîëüøîé













face="Times New Roman Star"múw|núw|













face="Times New Roman Star"Ôåäîòîâ 1, 349.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAsaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"also, as wellface="Times New Roman Star"òàêæå, êðîìå òîãîface="Times New Roman Star"basa 'right after' (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"basa 'afterwards' (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) basa (AH, Ad-Durr.)face="Times New Roman Star"base 'frequently, often'


face="Times New Roman Star"basaface="Times New Roman Star"pazaface="Times New Roman Star"pazaface="Times New Roman Star"baza

face="Times New Roman Star"byha 'in the course of' (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"baza
face="Times New Roman Star"basaface="Times New Roman Star"basa (R)







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 371 (but not from *bas- 'press'!). Turk. > Mong. basa (Clark 1980, 39, Ùåðáàê 1997, 104).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu":riface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"head of an arrowface="Times New Roman Star"íàêîíå÷íèê ñòðåëû
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ri 'end of shaft inserted into arrow head' (MK)












face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-ges (dimin.) 'awl, arrow with awl-like head'face="Times New Roman Star"bu":rges 'ein Kampfpfeil mit pfriemfo"rmiger Spitze'











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 356, VEWT 71, Stachowski 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"n|u"l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"angleface="Times New Roman Star"óãîë
face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n|u"s? (Rabg.)
face="Times New Roman Star"mu"jes?face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n|u"s? (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"mujus?, mujys?








face="Times New Roman Star"mun|, mun|nukface="Times New Roman Star"mun|, munnuk


face="Times New Roman Star"mu"jisface="Times New Roman Star"mu"jisface="Times New Roman Star"mu"ges? (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"mu"ju"s?
face="Times New Roman Star"mu"ju"s?, mu"vu"s?face="Times New Roman Star"mu"jes?
face="Times New Roman Star"mujus?, mu"ju"s?face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 344, EDT 771, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 182 (on a different etymology of Yak. mun|nuq see Clark 1977, 133).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAn/y-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 hare 2 marmotface="Times New Roman Star"1 çàÿö 2 ñóðîê


face="Times New Roman Star"bajbaq 2







face="Times New Roman Star"majc?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"molgas//c?






face="Times New Roman Star"bajbaq 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7, under *majmak 'club-footed', Ñåòàðîâ 1970. The traditional etymology of Chuv. (Ôåäîòîâ 1, 362, Åãîðîâ 134-135) from an unattested Udm. *mu 'earth' + lud kec? 'field hare' is quite incredible: the Chuv. form is well explained < *ban/y-l-kac? (a diminutive). {Chuv. may be rather < **byn/l/(yk) q. v.}
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyn|akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"side, directionface="Times New Roman Star"ñòîðîíà, íàïðàâëåíèåface="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 201, EDT 949. As suggested by Clauson, merged with jan|ak in later Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"defectface="Times New Roman Star"íåäîñòàòîê, äåôåêò
face="Times New Roman Star"mun (KB), muna- 'be defective'; mun, mun-lug| (IM)









face="Times New Roman Star"dial. myn|-da- 'become insufficient'

face="Times New Roman Star"my:n- 'be insufficient'


face="Times New Roman Star"munz?|u 'cripple'








face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 55, VEWT 344, ÝÑÒß 7. EDT 347 does not see back vowel forms in old texts and relates all the forms to *bu"n 'defect' q. v. sub *mu\ne.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jy:nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"skin, bodyface="Times New Roman Star"êîæà, òåëîface="Times New Roman Star"jyn (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jyn (MK)












face="Times New Roman Star"si:n












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, EDT 941, Ëåêñèêà 266-267.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jydruk / *judrukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"fistface="Times New Roman Star"êóëàêface="Times New Roman Star"jydruq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jud|ruq (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"jodryq


face="Times New Roman Star"uzruq
face="Times New Roman Star"judruq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"nuzuruxface="Times New Roman Star"nuzruqface="Times New Roman Star"d/udruq

face="Times New Roman Star"suturuq
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uduruq
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uduruqface="Times New Roman Star"z?udyryq
face="Times New Roman Star"jod|roq

face="Times New Roman Star"juduruq, juduruxface="Times New Roman Star"z?udyryq

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 892, Äûáî 182-183, ÝÑÒß 4, 248-249, Ëåêñèêà 253. Turk. > Kalm. z?|udr-x@ 'mit der Faust die Haut abziehen, die Haut und das Fleisch zwa"ngen und so abha"uten' (KW 115). Many modern languages reflect (such as Turkm. jumruq etc.) reflect secondary forms *jumruk or *jumduruk - an obvious result of contamination with *jum- 'round'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jarkakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"skin (tanned, without hair)face="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà (äóáëåíàÿ, áåç âîëîñ)


face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"jarg|aq (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o|rg|aq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ja(r)g|aq

face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|aq

face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|aq, d/arg|aq
face="Times New Roman Star"s/org|ax 'film, membrane'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?arg|as? 'hairless (skin); placenta'
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|arg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"z?arg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"jarg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"jarg|aq


face="Times New Roman Star"z?arg|aq
face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|aq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 190, ÝÑÒß 4, 141-142, Ëåêñèêà 385, Àøì. XII, 277-278, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 145-146. Turk. > WMong. z?|arg|ag|, Kalm. zarg|@g (KW 467).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumlakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"hopface="Times New Roman Star"õìåëü
face="Times New Roman Star"qumlaq (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"qolmaq, dial. qomlaq, qomalaq





face="Times New Roman Star"xumnaxface="Times New Roman Star"qymnaqface="Times New Roman Star"qumdaq, qumanaq
face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|mla



face="Times New Roman Star"qulmaqface="Times New Roman Star"qulmaqface="Times New Roman Star"qylmaq


face="Times New Roman Star"qumlaq, qumlax


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 299, EDT 628, ÝÑÒß 6, 138-139. Turk. > Hung. komlo/, see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jom (?/*jon|)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 weedface="Times New Roman Star"1 òîðô 2 ñîðíÿê











face="Times New Roman Star"jon| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/om 2













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 206, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 135. Cf. also *jom-suk, *jom-sul 'weed, moss' (ÝÑÒß 4, 231, with a variety of dialectal reflexes: Tur. josun, jomsuk, Chag. josun, Kum. jansaw etc.). Turk. > Hung. gyom 'weed', see MNyTESz 1, 1132.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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